Ancient Medicine

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What doctors say they saw

Funerary relief for a physician, ca 100 BCE / 100 CE, marble. Part of the Soul is an Octopus exhibition: plaster cast, 20th c., Gipsformerei der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Spgntung Preußischer Kulturbesitz.

“For instance, I have seen people who, having slit their own throats, have completely severed the windpipe. Sometimes they live, but they cannot speak unless someone closes their windpipe—then they can speak.”

εἶδον δὲ ἤδη οἳ, σφάξαντες ἑωυτοὺς, ἀπέταμον τὸν φάρυγγα παντάπασιν· οὗτοι ζῶσι μὲν, φθέγγονται δὲ οὐδὲν, εἰ μή τις συλλάβῃ τὸν φάρυγγα· οὕτω δὲ φθέγγονται·

Fleshes 18

“Firstly, when the seed enters the womb, after seven days it develops all the parts the body is going to have. Now, you might wonder how I know this, but I have seen many things in the following way. The common prostitutes who have a lot of experience with these things, when they have had sex with a man, know when they’ve conceived in the womb, and then they destroy it. When it is actually destroyed, it falls out as flesh. When you put this flesh into water and examine it in the water, you will find it has all its parts: the eye sockets, the ears and limbs, also the fingers of the hands, the legs, the feet and the toes and the genitals and the whole rest of the body is evident.”

ὁ δὲ αἰών ἐστι τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἑπταήμερος. πρῶτον μὲν ἐπὴν ἐς τὰς μήτρας ἔλθῃ ὁ γόνος, ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν ἔχει ὁκόσα περ ἐστὶν ἔχειν τοῦ σώματος· τοῦτο δέ τις ἂν θαυμάσειεν ὅκως ἐγὼ οἶδα· πολλὰ δὲ εἶδον τρόπῳ τοιῷδε· αἱ ἑταῖραι αἱ δημόσιαι, αἵτινες αὐτέων πεπείρηνται πολλάκις, ὁκόταν παρὰ ἄνδρα ἔλθῃ, γινώσκουσιν ὁκόταν λάβωσιν ἐν γαστρί· κἄπειτ' ἐνδιαφθείρουσιν· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἤδη διαφθαρῇ, ἐκπίπτει ὥσπερ σάρξ· ταύτην τὴν σάρκα ἐς ὕδωρ ἐμβαλὼν, σκεπτόμενος ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, εὑρήσεις ἔχειν πάντα μέλεα καὶ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὰς χώρας καὶ τὰ οὔατα καὶ τὰ γυῖα· καὶ τῶν χειρῶν οἱ δάκτυλοι καὶ τὰ σκέλεα καὶ οἱ πόδες καὶ οἱ δάκτυλοι τῶν ποδῶν, καὶ τὸ αἰδοῖον καὶ τὸ ἄλλο πᾶν σῶμα δῆλον.

Fleshes 19

“And clothes that are tied up together and fixed tightly with a stick are burnt up by themselves, as I have actually seen, as if they were burnt up by fire.”

καὶ ἱμάτια συνδεδεμένα καὶ κατεσφηνωμένα ἰσχυρῶς δορὶ κατακαίεται ὑπὸ σφέων αὐτῶν, ὡς ἐγὼ ἤδη εἶδον, ὥσπερ ὑπὸ πυρὸς ἐκκαέντα.

Nature of the Child 24